COMPARISON METRIC 1
Knowledge is...
Behaviorism
acquired passively.
Constructivism
actively constructed and heavily influenced by social experience.
Cognitivism
actively interpreted by mental processes and related to prior experiences.
Connectivism
captured via networks despite its chaos and flow.
Andragogy
actively pursued by the adult learner and reflected upon prior experiences and knowledge.
COMPARISON METRIC 2
Learning is...
Behaviorism
receiving information and reinforcement to arrive at the desired behavior.
Cognitivism
making sense of external or environmental stimuli through processes like perception, observation, and problem-solving, and building that knowledge onto existing units of information called schemas while referencing previous and current experience.
Constructivism
applying new information to existing experiences and beliefs.
Connectivism
collecting knowledge through networks.
Andragogy
a learner-centered process.
COMPARISON METRIC 3
Therefore, the learner...
Behaviorism
responds to environmental stimuli, paired with reinforcement, to learn.
Cognitivism
leads their inquiry using their existing schemas and experiences to filter and connect new information.
Andragogy
controls their inquiry in formal and informal learning settings through motivation and self-direction, relying on prior experiences and knowledge.
Constructivism
forms their own dynamic inquiry path with social interaction, language and culture, and scaffolding playing key roles to learn.
Connectivism
quickly establishes connections between pieces of information, creating a useful network to answer a specific question after critical reflection.
COMPARISON METRIC 4
Typical Learning Objectives
Behaviorism
Define
Identify
State
List
Explain
Cognitivism
Reason
Predict
Debate Demonstrate
Initiate
Andragogy
Observe
Generalize
Reflect
Test
Consider
Constructivism
Reflect
Critique
Justify
Evaluate
Consider
Connectivism
Relate
Explain
Apply
Develop
Determine
COMPARISON METRIC 5
Assessments should...
Behaviorism
quantify how well the desired behavior is learned.
Cognitivism
evaluate the student's learning strategy.
Andragogy
be problem-based and constructed to connect to real-world.
Constructivism
highlight and reflect the learner's journey.
Connectivism
assess the effectiveness of the learner's strategies to collect more information.
COMPARISON METRIC 6
Assessments include...
Quizzes;
Software simulations;
Timed evaluations
Cognitivism
Scenarios;
Debates:
Multiplayer games
Andragogy
Case studies;
Research projects;
Role-play;
Microlearning project
Constructivism
Group work and presentations;
Comparing case studies;
Writing reflective journals;
Debates
Connectivism
Role-play;
Communities of practice;
Online peer learning;
Digital literacy portfolio
COMPARISON METRIC 7
Basic Assumption
Behaviorism
Knowledge is objective - there is only one right answer.
Cognitivism
Content is forever customizable - to individuals with different cognitive abilities, different experiences, different motivations, and potential different wishes for their learning path.
Andragogy
Being an adult means you are self-directed.
Constructivism
Emphasis on culture does not include a discussion on applicability in cultures with strict standards for students, or a defined view of how children, particularly females, should be.
Connectivism
Everyone has equal access to these connections, physically and technologically.
COMPARISON METRIC 8
Commonality
Behaviorism
Guidance: in the form of prompts, reinforcements
Cognitivism
Guidance: in the form of letting students know the effectiveness of their learning strategies
Andragogy
Guidance: offering technological tools and an abundance of resources to engage self-direction
Constructivism
Guidance: in the form of scaffolding
Connectivism
Guidance: in that the work of a small number complements a big lift by a few
COMPARISON METRIC 9
Key Figures
Behaviorism
Ivan Pavlov
Edward Thorndike
John B. Watson
Clark Hull
BF Skinner
Robert Gagné
Cognitivism
Jean Piaget
John Sweller
Barry Zimmerman
Richard Mayer
Albert Bandura
Jerome Bruner
Andragogy
Alexander Kapp
Dusan Savicevic
Malcolm Knowles
Constructivism
Jean Piaget
William G. Perry
John Dewey
Lev Vygotsky
Jerome Bruner
Connectivism
George Seimans
Stephen Downes
Check out the resources I used to formulate this analysis.
